IP blocking during the June 2025 Iran shutdown targeted large portions of address space belonging to major VPS hosting providers — Hetzner, DigitalOcean, Linode, and others — commonly used to host VPN and proxy servers, with small exceptions carved out for infrastructure deemed critical.

Iran's June 2025 shutdown enforced a four-layer DPI topology: ISP-administered DPI boxes, centrally commanded DPI at large ISPs under the Communications Regulatory Authority, DPI at Tehran IX that filters domestic-only transit traffic, and DPI at internationally-linked networks — almost all funneling through AS48159 (Telecommunications Infrastructure Company, TIC).

How is the blackout being enforced? detection

Between 21–25 June 2025, Iranian fixed-line networks partially restored access via TCP-based protocols (SSH, WebSockets) while mobile networks and UDP-based protocols remained heavily restricted, indicating deliberate asymmetric enforcement to restore domestic data-center operation without re-enabling VPN circumvention.

What is working now? (As of 25 June 2025) evaluation

During the June 2025 blackout, virtually all UDP-based protocols were blocked across major Iranian networks — WireGuard, AmneziaWG, QUIC, WebRTC, and OpenVPN — with the sole deliberate exception of UDP port 53 (DNS), preserved to avoid cascading failures in internal infrastructure.

Protocol-level blocking detection

NymVPN experienced a 387% increase in demand during the June 2025 Iran blackout but was itself caught by protocol-level UDP restrictions and could not function as a reliable circumvention tool because TCP fallback and other censorship-resistance countermeasures had not yet shipped.

So does NymVPN work in Iran? deployment

The June 2025 Iran shutdown—carried out during the Iran-Israel war beginning ~June 19—did not use BGP route withdrawals as in 2019. Instead, authorities applied service-level restrictions at the national border: DNS poisoning of foreign destinations, protocol whitelisting permitting only pre-approved domestic services, and DPI to block circumvention-tool traffic. Iran's international traffic fell roughly 90% while the country's BGP routes remained advertised, making the shutdown invisible to BGP-based monitoring systems. OONI measurement volume, which totalled 121,333 in June 2025, collapsed to under 200 submissions on June 19-20.

2025-iran-shutdown-measurement Executive Summary / §2 dpidns-poisoningport-blockingip-blocking

Chinese users treat full proxy/VPN (Shadowsocks, V2Ray/Clash, commercial VPNs) as the '终极大杀器' (ultimate solution) for bypassing GitHub DNS poisoning, implying that lighter-weight DNS-only fixes fail in some network environments where the censor adds firewall-layer blocking beyond DNS.

2026-anon-6-github-dns §3 使用代理或 VPN dns-poisoningip-blocking

Rule-based proxy tools (Clash, Shadowsocks, V2Ray) are documented as the most reliable solution for accessing GitHub from China, with split-tunneling rules routing only GitHub traffic through the proxy while keeping domestic traffic on the direct path. Git command-line tools require explicit proxy configuration (git config --global http.proxy http://127.0.0.1:7890) to route clone/push operations, as they do not inherit system proxy settings automatically.

2026-anon-github-2026-6-dns §方法二 dns-poisoningip-blocking

The GFW blocks GitHub via DNS poisoning across at least four domains — github.com, assets-cdn.github.com, github.global.ssl.fastly.net, and raw.githubusercontent.com — causing connection timeouts and page-load failures for mainland China users. The block is persistent as of February 2026, affecting both browser access and command-line git operations.

2026-anon-github-2026-6-dns Introduction / §方法一 dns-poisoningip-blocking

Article 19 documents that Iran's National Information Network (NIN / SHOMA) was designed with explicit reference to China's Great Firewall as a model, with institutional mirroring: Iran's Supreme Council of Cyberspace parallels China's Cyberspace Administration of China, and both governments share a "cyber sovereignty" doctrine used to justify domestic content controls and cross-border technology transfer. The report frames Iran's filtering infrastructure as deliberately architected to replicate GFW capabilities, not as an independently developed system.

2026-article19-tightening-the-net §2, §3 dpisni-blockingdns-poisoningip-blockingbgp-hijackthrottling

Article 19 documents that Iran combines technical filtering with formal coercion of major foreign platforms (including Telegram, Instagram, and WhatsApp) to comply with content removal orders under threat of full blocking. The report notes that Iran's 2022 Women Life Freedom protests accelerated platform blocking when foreign operators refused compliance, demonstrating that the censorship system operates in two modes: coerce-and-allow for compliant platforms, block for non-compliant ones. Domain fronting via these platforms is therefore subject to sudden revocation if political conditions change.

2026-article19-tightening-the-net §6 ip-blockingdns-poisoningthrottling