BitTorrent (qBittorrent) experiences asymmetric throttling in Fuzhou: connections to peers in Russia are severely impaired while connections to peers within mainland China remain normal, indicating selective cross-border flow throttling rather than protocol-level blocking.

DNS over HTTPS provided by both NextDNS and Cloudflare DNS (1.1.1.1) has become completely unusable in Fuzhou when accessed via Firefox, with one isolated unreproducible exception for Cloudflare DNS.

Issue body deployment

There is evidence that ISPs in Fujian (and neighboring Zhejiang) are deploying DPI plugins directly on ISP-provided integrated optical modem-routers used in home installations, extending inspection to the residential access layer rather than only upstream backbone choke points.

Issue body detection

As of August 2026 in Fuzhou, Fujian, most censorship-resistant service providers are non-functional; a small number of providers using v2ray remain partially functional, while Tor Browser bridges and Snowflake are no longer usable.

Issue body deployment

In April 2026, Russia nearly completely blocked Telegram, reducing availability without VPN to 5% during the first ten days; Russia's VPN user base was estimated at no less than 40% of the population. Beginning in mid-April, over 20 major Russian websites and platforms (including Gosuslugi, Ozon, Yandex, Sberbank, VK) began restricting access for VPN users, and Russia introduced a whitelist-based service model permitting only state-approved services under certain network restriction states.

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Article 19 documents that Iran's National Information Network (NIN / SHOMA) was designed with explicit reference to China's Great Firewall as a model, with institutional mirroring: Iran's Supreme Council of Cyberspace parallels China's Cyberspace Administration of China, and both governments share a "cyber sovereignty" doctrine used to justify domestic content controls and cross-border technology transfer. The report frames Iran's filtering infrastructure as deliberately architected to replicate GFW capabilities, not as an independently developed system.

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Article 19 documents that Iran combines technical filtering with formal coercion of major foreign platforms (including Telegram, Instagram, and WhatsApp) to comply with content removal orders under threat of full blocking. The report notes that Iran's 2022 Women Life Freedom protests accelerated platform blocking when foreign operators refused compliance, demonstrating that the censorship system operates in two modes: coerce-and-allow for compliant platforms, block for non-compliant ones. Domain fronting via these platforms is therefore subject to sudden revocation if political conditions change.

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The April 2026 enforcement cycle created a resource-scarcity feedback loop: upstream providers cut lines with no obligation to refund resellers, newly acquired replacement resources can themselves be reported and cut within days, and stable-resource availability windows are described as "越来越短" (increasingly short) while costs rise concurrently. The overall effect is systemic capacity contraction forecast to continue through at least May 2026.

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After the detection event triggers on Beeline (AS16345), the connection is restricted to exactly one destination: the government-approved MAX messenger (max.ru), while all other Russian domestic whitelist domains (ok.ru, vk.ru, ya.ru, mail.ru) are also blocked. This response is enforced at the ISP/TSPU level and persists until the LTE router is restarted, indicating a stateful per-subscriber penalty state rather than simple packet-level blocking.

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A proposed circumvention technique nests an outbound tunnel inside a legitimate 回国VPN (return-to-China service): the China-IP endpoint of the outer tunnel acts as a relay, with a VPS outside China pushing data back through it in reverse. The theoretical benefit is that 回国VPN services are officially permitted and reportedly not throttled by the GFW.

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