2021-hu-cld-net-network-combining
CLD-Net: A Network Combining CNN and LSTM for Internet Encrypted Traffic Classification
canonical link → · doi: 10.1155/2021/5518460
2021-hu-cld-net-network-combining
canonical link → · doi: 10.1155/2021/5518460
findings extracted from this paper
CLD-Net classifies specific traffic types (chat, audio, file transfer) within Facebook and Skype encrypted flows with 92.89% accuracy, demonstrating that application-level behavioral patterns survive encryption.
CLD-Net achieves 98% accuracy distinguishing VPN from non-VPN encrypted traffic on the ISCX public dataset, using an end-to-end CNN+LSTM model that requires no hand-crafted expert features.
CLD-Net converts raw packet payloads into grayscale images and feeds them to a CNN for spatial feature extraction, then passes the output through an LSTM to capture inter-packet timing sequences, integrating both payload content and temporal flow structure into a single classifier.
The CLD-Net model uses a feature-reduction step that compresses high-dimensional CNN+LSTM representations to 8 dimensions corresponding to 8 traffic classes, enabling efficient multi-class classification without class-specific hand-tuning.