2015-fifield-blocking-resistant

Blocking-resistant communication through domain frontingcore

Abstract

We describe "domain fronting," a versatile censorship circumvention technique that hides the remote endpoint of a communication. Domain fronting works at the application layer, using HTTPS, to communicate with a forbidden host while appearing to communicate with some other host, permitted by the censor.

Team notes

Foundational paper for the entire domain-fronting line of work, including Lantern's own getlantern/fronted package and the kindling library inherits its threat model from here. Critical historical context for why CDN-fronted bootstrapping is the reflexive Lantern bootstrap path. Cited by everything in the domain-fronting line of research.

Tags

censors
genericcnirru
techniques
sni-blockingdpi
defenses
domain-frontingtunnelingmimicrymeek
evaluated
domain-frontingmeek
method
controlled-deploymentmeasurement-study